What is the powertrain system of an electric vehicle
AEAUTO has full say in this issue. The powertrain system was previously named Powertrain, but currently many automakers prefer to use the name e-Powertrain.
What is the powertrain system in a car ?The broad definition of the powertrain system covers the entire process of a car from energy generation to final transmission to the wheels, that is, all components in the energy transmission path.
Usually, we refer to the powertrain system in a narrow sense, which mainly includes the power generation unit (engine and generator), lithium-ion battery and electric drive unit (motor, inverter, reducer and control module). These components are sometimes simplified as the "three-electric" system.
In the structure of the electric drive unit, the motor and reducer are often closely connected, and the inverter is directly installed above the motor. Its structure is shown below:
What is the powertrain system of an electric truck? What are the specific parts?
From left to right, they are the motor cover, rotary transformer, rotor, inverter, stator, motor housing and reducer cover.
The core part of the motor includes the rotor and stator. The stator winding usually adopts segmented coil winding or hairpin winding process and is directly connected to the inverter through the busbar. The outer periphery of the stator core is tightly wrapped by an aluminum water jacket for cooling water heat dissipation.
The reducer is mainly composed of gears and differentials and usually adopts a simple structure of two shafts and one level. The housing of the reducer is an integrated design and also serves as a motor cover, achieving a compact and lightweight design.
The inverter plays an important role in the electric drive unit to convert the battery DC power into the AC power required to drive the motor. It is usually installed directly above the motor and contains components such as the power module, smoothing capacitor, and motor controller motherboard.
The power module is the core component of the inverter. Its layout allows the heat sink to directly contact the cooling water in the cooling tank under the inverter housing, thereby achieving effective heat dissipation.
The power battery consists of a module composed of battery cells, a module heating management system (such as a cold plate, etc.), and a battery management system BMS to form a battery pack. The battery pack is made of solid aluminum, which not only supports the weight of the battery but also serves as a body reinforcement to improve the body rigidity.
The bottom plate on the lower side of the battery shell is equipped with a cooling water channel to manage the temperature according to the battery's charge and discharge conditions and internal temperature. A solid aluminum underguard is also installed at the bottom of the battery pack to provide additional protection for the battery.
What is the powertrain system of an electric vehicle? What are the specific parts?
The development of battery technology is reflected in structural innovation on the one hand, such as the CTP technology with a module-less structure, and the body-integrated battery structures such as CTC and CTB. These innovative structures help to improve the energy density and safety of the battery.
On the other hand, the innovation of battery cell materials is also an important direction for the development of battery technology, including improvements in negative electrodes, positive electrodes and electrolytes. At the same time, research on new battery technologies such as solid-state batteries and sodium-ion batteries is also deepening.
In terms of power generation units, the main discussion here is hybrid-specific engines. Compared with traditional engines, hybrid-specific engines usually do not need to consider power issues too much, and tasks such as 100-kilometer acceleration and overtaking are mainly undertaken by motors.
Through carefully designed transmission ratios and powertrain strategies, hybrid-specific engines can always run on the best thermal efficiency curve, thereby achieving higher energy efficiency.
Hybrid-specific engines are usually developed on electrified platforms, which are more efficient, smaller, and quieter. At the same time, their structure is more compact, which helps to improve the performance and comfort of the vehicle.
